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博碩士論文： 台灣六堆傳統體育之研究-以客家獅、攻炮城為例=A study of Liu Dwei Hakka Traditional Sports－Taking Hakka Dancing Lion and Gongpaocheng as the example

• 作者：林慧瑩(研究生)、LIN HUI-YING(研究生)
• 其他作者：王建臺(指導教授)、WONG CHIN-TAIN(指導教授)
• 語文：中文

• 出版者：屏東師範學院
• 系所名稱：體育學系碩士班
• 學位類別：碩士

• 出版日期：2005
• 畢業學年度：94
• 頁數：207

• 關鍵詞：六堆、攻炮城、客家獅、客家、傳統體育、Liu Dwe、Gongpaocheng、Hakka Dancing lion、traditional sports

• 城市：屏東縣、高雄縣

• 網址：http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22094NPTTC567001%22.&searchmode=basic

摘要：

客家是台灣第二大族群，傳承客家精神與文化的客家傳統體育有待發掘與延續。本研究目的如下：首先探討六堆客家組織的形成，六堆客家傳統體育中客家獅的內涵以及探討六堆客家傳統體育中攻炮城的內涵。本研究採用歷史研究法及文獻分析法，並輔以田野調查法中訪談與觀察兩種技術。結論如下：一、台灣六堆客家於康熙中葉大量移居台灣，主要移民以嘉應州五屬為主，六堆民團組織前因原鄉互助與尚武的習性、保衛鄉里與聯庄自保的需要、農田水利的開發與合作，後因朱一貴事件所促成，至林爽文事件時正式成立堆制。二、 六堆客家獅是運動競技與文化傳承的活動，從最早的避邪、除瘟、民間小戲、傳統雜技到現代運動競技，客家獅所衍生的運動文化具有敬畏自然、祈福消災；並具有緬懷過去、感恩現在、策勵將來的實質內涵。同時是結合地方民俗、歲時節慶、團結鄉里的熱鬧遊戲與休閒運動。三、 早期攻炮城源自於軍事活動，利用炮城作為警示作用，同時向伯公祈求風調雨順、閤家平安。現已成為一項客家在地的的娛樂活動，與客家精神強調捍衛家鄉的決心，相互吻合。
Since Hakka is the second largest ethnic group in Taiwan, its traditional sports has inherited Hakka spirit and culture that should be explored and passed along continually. The purposes of this study included the investigation on the formation of Liu Dwei Hakka organization in the first place, and then the exploration for the connotation of the Hakka Lion as well as Gongpaocheng in the Liu Dwei Hakka traditional sports. Based on historical research design and documentary analysis, this study also used the techniques of interviews and observation included in field survey. As a result, it came up with the following conclusions: 1. In the middle period of Kangxi regime, a large number of Hakka immigrants moved to Liu Dwei mainly from the five areas where covered Meixian, Jiaoling, Wuhua Hsinling and Pingyuan in Chiaying prefecture. Liu Dwei Civil organization had been built primarily because of the habitual behavior developed from civilian mutually beneficial and martial spirit to meet the demand for self-defense and protection of their homeland, and the development as well as cooperation of farmland irrigation. Later on, there was Chu Yi-Kuei incident followed by Lin Shuang-Wen incident, Lui Dwei Civil Organization was therefore thrust and marched its official launch. 2. Liu Dwei Hakka Lion is a sports competition and culture pass-along activity. Developed from evil and plague escape, folklore skits, traditional acrobatics in its early days to today’s modern sports competition, the sports culture derived from the Hakka Lion held reverence to nature with anticipation to be blessed with bliss and free from disasters. It contained the substantive connotation of reminiscence for the past, appreciation for the present and perspectives for the future. At the same time, it is also the revelry game and recreational sports combing folklore, festivals and solidarity. 3. In its early days, originated from martial activities, Gongpaocheng was used to give warning, prayed for favorable weather, timely wind and rain to the heaven god and wished safe and well in the family. Now, it has been developed as an authentic Hakka recreational activity, as well as echoed the resolution for the safeguard of their homeland stressed in the Hakka spirit.

目錄：

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
表 次 VI
圖 次 VII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與研究目的 1
第二節 相關文獻探討與重要性 6
第三節 研究方法與研究架構 24
第四節 研究範圍與研究限制 36
第五節 名詞解釋與用語界定 38
第二章 六堆客家之緣起與傳統體育之內涵 41
第一節 台灣客家的源流 41
第二節 六堆客家的形成與發展 50
第三節 六堆客家的傳統文化與客家精神 66
第四節 六堆客家傳統體育之內涵 72
第五節 本章小結 80
第三章 六堆之客家獅活動 83
第一節 舞獅文化的內涵 83
第二節 客家原鄉的舞獅 91
第三節 六堆客家獅之內涵 97
第四節 本章小結 122
第四章 六堆之攻炮城活動 125
第一節 攻炮城活動的起源 125
第二節 大陸地區的攻炮城活動 127
第三節 六堆攻炮城活動之內涵 130
第四節 本章小結 144
第五章 結論與建議 147
第一節 結論 147
第二節 建議 150
參考文獻 152
附錄一 六堆客家傳統體育提問大綱 161
附錄二 訪談資料 162