圖書： The hakka dialect : A linguistic study of its phonology syntax and lexicon
- 作者：Mantaro J.Hashimoto(write)
- 語文：中文
- 出版地：New Jersey
- 出版者：Princeton University
目錄：請點選以下目次顯示內容
List of tables 頁a15-a16
List if figures 頁a17-a18
List of charts 頁a19
List of maps 頁a19
List of phonological rules 頁a20
List of syntactic rules 頁a20-21
Foreword 頁a22-a23
Transliteration and transcrtiption 頁a24-a25
1、Introduction 頁1-34
1.0、The Hakka and their language 頁1-3
1.1、The formation of the Hakka group 頁3-5
1.2、Distribution of the Hakkas 頁6-14
1.3、A critical survey of Hakka studies 頁15-34
1.3.1、Etymological studies in pre-modern China 頁15-18
1.3.2、Dictionaries and manuals by missionaries and others 頁18-22
1.3.3、Dutch and Japanese contributions 頁22-26
1.3.4、Descriptive and comparative studies by modern Chinese linguists 頁26-34
2.0、Hakka phonology 頁34-121
2.0.1、The informant 頁34
2.0.2、The transcription 頁35
2.1、Phonetic description 頁35-89
2.1.1、Repertory of syllables 頁35-85
2.1.2、Phonetic transcription of the Hakka syllables 頁85-87
2.1.3、Description of each sound 頁88-89
2.1.3.1、Initials 頁88-89
2.1.3.2、Finals 頁89
2.1.3.3、Tones 頁89
2.2、Phonological analysis 頁90-112
2.2.1、Initial segments (consonants) 頁90-91
2.2.2、Final segments (vowels and consonants) 頁91-103
2.2.3、Tonemes 頁103-112
2.3、Texts and translation 頁112-121
3、Historical phonology 頁122-409
3.0、Transcription and notation 頁122-125
3.1、Tables 頁126-337
3.1.1、The kuo rime-group 頁126
3.1.2、The Chia rime-group 頁132
3.1.3、The Yu rime-group 頁139
3.14.、The Hsieh rime-group 頁153
3.1.5、The Chih rime-group 頁172
3.1.6、The Hsiao rime-group 頁192
3.1.7、The Liu rime-group 頁206
3.1.8、The Hsien rime-group 頁217
3.1.9、The Shên rime-group 頁235
3.110.、The Shan rime-group 頁240
3.1.11、The Chên rime-group 頁273
3.1.12、The Tang rime-group 頁291
3.1.13、The Chiang rime-group 頁305
3.1.14、The Tsêng rime-group 頁309
3.1.15、The Kêng rime-group 頁316
3.1.16、The T’ung rime-group 頁337
3.2、Correspondence with Ancient Chinese 頁352-409
3.2.0、Distinction of layers 頁352-353
3.2.1、Correspondence of the initials 頁353-367
3.2.1.1、The Chung-ch’un-yin initials 頁357-358
3.2.1.1.1、The pang-mu 頁357
3.2.1.1.2、The ping-mu 頁357-358
3.2.1.1.3、The P’ang-mu 頁358
3.2.1.1.4、The Ming-mu 頁358
3.2.1.2、The Ch’ing-ch’un-yin initials 頁358-359
3.2.1.2.1、The Fei-mu 頁358
3.2.1.2.2、The Fêng-mu 頁358
3.2.1.2.3、The Fu-mu 頁359
3.2.1.2.4、The Wei-mu 頁359
3.2.1.3、The Shê-t’ou-yin initials 頁359-360
3.2.1.3.1、The Tuan-mu 頁359
3.2.1.3.2、The Ting-mu 頁359
3.2.1.3.3、The T’ou-mu 頁360
3.2.1.4、The Shê-shang-yin initials 頁360-361
3.2.1.4.1、The Chin-mu 頁360
3.2.1.4.2、The Ch’ êng-mu 頁360
3.2.1.4.3、The Ch’ ê-mu 頁361
3.2.1.5、The Ch’ih-t’ou-yin initials 頁361-362
3.2.1.5.1、The Ching-mu 頁361
3.2.1.5.2、The Ch’ing-mu 頁361
3.2.1.5.3、The Ts’ung-mu 頁361-362
3.2.1.5.4、The Hsin-mu 頁362
3.2.1.5.5、The Hsieh-mu 頁362
3.2.1.6、The Ch’ih-shang-yin initials 頁362-363
3.2.1.6.1、The Chuang-mu 頁362
3.2.1.6.2、The Ch’u-mu 頁362
3.2.1.6.3、The Ch’uang-mu 頁363
3.2.1.6.4、The Shan-mu 頁363
3.2.1.6.5、The Ssŭ-mu 頁363
3.2.1.7、The Chêng-ch’ih-yin initials 頁363-364
3.2.1.7.1、The Chao-mu 頁363
3.2.1.7.2、The Ch’uan-mu 頁363
3.2.1.7.3、The Shên2-mu 頁363
3.2.1.7.4、The Shên3-mu 頁364
3.2.1.7.5、The Ch’an-mu 頁364
3.2.1.8、The Pan-shê-ch’ih-yin initials 頁365
3.2.1.8.1、The Lai-mu 頁365
3.2.1.8.2、The Ni-mu 頁365
3.2.1.8.3、The Jih-mu 頁365
3.2.1.9、The Ya-yin initials 頁365-366
3.2.1.9.1、The Yi-mu 頁365
3.2.1.9.2、The Chien-mu 頁365
3.2.1.9.3、The Ch’inu-mu 頁366
3.2.1.9.4、The Hsi-mu 頁366
3.2.1.10、The Hou-yin initials 頁366-367
3.2.1.10.1、The Hsiao-mu 頁366
3.2.1.10.2、The Hsia-mu 頁366-367
3.2.1.10.3、The Yü-mu 頁367
3.2.2、Correspondence of the finals 頁367-383
3.2.2.0、The tabulation 頁367-373
3.2.2.1、The Kuo rime-group 頁374
3.2.2.2、The Chia rime-group 頁374-375
3.2.2.3、The Yü rime-group 頁375-376
3.2.2.4、The Hsieh rime-group 頁376-377
3.2.2.5、The Chih rime-group 頁377
3.2.2.6、The Hsiao rime-group 頁377-378
3.2.2.7、The Liu rime-group 頁378
3.2.2.8、The Hsien rime-group 頁378-379
3.2.2.9、The Shên rime-group 頁379
3.2.2.10、The Shan rime-group 頁379-380
3.2.2.11、The Chên rime-group 頁380-381
3.2.2.12、The Tang rime-group 頁381-382
3.2.2.13、The Tsêng rime-group 頁382
3.2.2.14、The Kêng rime-group 頁382-383
3.2.2.15、The T’ung rime-group 頁383
3.2.3、Correspondence of the tones 頁384-409
3.2.3.1、The level tone 頁384-388
3.2.3.2、The rising tone 頁388-397
3.2.3.3、The depatrting tone 頁397-402
3.2.3.4、The entering tone 頁403-409
4、Characteristics of the Hakka dialects 頁410-441
4.1、Hakka tones 頁410-436
4.1.1、The Ng-yan tones 頁411-418
4.1.2、The Liuk-Hoi tones 頁418-420
4.1.3、The Ngiau-p’in thones 頁421
4.1.4、The tone system of Proto Hakka 頁422-432
4.1.4.1、Development into the Liuk-Hoi system 頁425-426
4.1.4.2、Development into the Ng-yan system 頁426-431
4.1.4.3、Development into the Ngiau-p’in system 頁431-432
4.1.5、Tones of T’ai-yüan and Lin-ch’uan 頁432-436
4.2、Hakka pronouns and demonstratives 頁436-438
4.3、Unique features of the Hakka dialects 頁439-441
5、Hakka syntax 頁442-524
5.1、Simplified phrase structure rules 頁442-443
5.2、Basic sentence patterns 頁443-448
5.2.1、Intransitive verb sentences 頁443-444
5.2.2、Transitive verb sentences 頁444-445
5.2.3、Incomplete verb sentences 頁446-448
5.2.4、Determiners 頁448
5.3、Dialogues and grammatical notes 頁449-522
5.3.1、Dialogue I 頁449-455
5.3.1.1、Ellipsis 頁450
5.3.1.2、Pronouns 頁450-451
5.3.1.3、Aspects and tenses 頁451-453
5.3.1.4、Negative 頁454
5.3.1.5、Interrogative 頁455
5.3.2、Dialogue II 頁456-460
5.3.2.1、Frequency expression 頁457-459
5.3.2.2、Complement 頁459
5.3.2.3、Potential marker 頁459
5.3.2.4、Manner adverbials 頁460
5.3.3、Dialogue III 頁460-464
5.3.3.1、Deictic expression 頁462
5.3.3.2、Embeding particle 頁463
5.3.4、Dialogue IV 頁464-467
5.3.4.1、Classifiers 頁465
5.3.4.2、Time adverbials 頁466-467
5.3.4.3、Instrumental adverbials 頁467
5.3.5、Dialogue V 頁468-473
5.3.5.1、Involuntary verbs 頁469-470
5.3.5.2、Kinship terms 頁470-472
5.3.5.3、Place adverbials 頁473
5.3.6、Dialogue VI 頁473-476
5.3.6.1、Measure words 頁475
5.3.6.2、Affirmation adverbs 頁476
5.3.7、Dialogue VII 頁477-481
5.3.7.1、Directional adverbials 頁478
5.3.7.2、Factive nominalization(1) 頁479-480
5.3.7.3、The “Pull-out” transformation 頁480-481
5.3.8、Dialogue VIII 頁482-485
5.3.8.1、Factive nominalization(2) 頁483-484
5.3.8.2、Duration 頁485
5.3.9、Dialogue IX 頁486-487
5.3.9.1、Subordinate and co-ordinate conjunctions 頁487
5.3.9.2、Demonstratives as subject and object 頁487
5.3.10、Dialogue X 頁488-491
5.3.10.1、Nominalized subject 頁489
5.3.10.2、Resultative complement (1) 頁490-491
5.3.11、Dialogue XI 頁491-493
5.3.11.1、det5-ŋin2 頁492
5.3.11.2、-deu1 頁493
5.3.12、Dialogue XII 頁493-499
5.3.12.1、Extent complement 頁495-497
5.3.12.2、Potential verbs 頁498-499
5.3.13、Dialogue XIII 頁499-500
5.3.13.1、Question words and indefinites owrds 頁500
5.3.13.2、Stative expression 頁500
5.3.14、Dialogue XIV 頁501-502
5.3.14.1、Desire “zuxiliaries” 頁502
5.3.14.2、Usages of han2 頁502
5.3.15、Dialogue XV 頁503-504
5.3.15.1、Usages of voi4 (1) 頁504
5.3.15.2、Usages of oi4 頁504
5.3.16、Dialogue XVI 頁505-506
5.3.16.1、Suffix- “-det5” 頁506
5.3.16.2、Usages of dzai4 頁506
5.3.17、Dialogue XVII 頁507-509
5.3.17.1、Usages of voi4 (2) 頁508
5.3.17.2、Usages of von4 頁509
5.3.17.3、Reduplicate concessive claves 頁509
5.3.18、Dialogue XVIII 頁509-511
5.3.18.1、Days of a week 頁511
5.3.18.2、loi2-je3 頁511
5.3.19、Dialogue XIX 頁512-514
5.3.19.1、m2 s3 gi1 li1 頁513
5.3.19.2、Resultative complement(2) 頁514
5.3.20、Dialogue XX 頁515-
5.3.20.1、Compartive construction 頁518-520
5.3.20.2、Double object 頁521-522
5.4、Summary of rules 頁523-524
6、Hakka vocabulary 頁525-553
6.1、Natural phenomena 頁526
6.2、Minerals 頁527
6.3、House and community 頁528
6.4、Human being 頁529
6.5、Kinship terms 頁530-531
6.6、Parts of the body 頁532-533
6.7、Illness 頁533
6.8、Household furnishings, appliances and utensils 頁534-535
6.9、Meal, food and drink 頁535-536
6.10、Animals 頁536-537
6.11、Grains, vegetables and fruits 頁538
6.12、Abstract nouns 頁539
6.13、Pronouns 頁540
6.14、Classifiers 頁541
6.15、Time 頁542-543
6.16、Space 頁543
6.17、Verbs, adjectives, prepositions and adverbs 頁544-547
6.18、Grammatical words 頁547-553
Footnotes 頁554-564
Bibliography 頁565-580
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